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Human sources and rights

Freely accessible sources provide material for writing the programme proofs. Every used result requires its actual proof here or in an earlier programme lesson. The text is dedicated under CC0 1.0; human sources are credited below.

Stacks project authors; AI Integrated Stacks Project edition

Stacks project authors; AI Integrated Stacks Project edition. 565b10e987aba5969b21145a0833f42d69f96790.

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Linear algebraic groups

Tom De Medts. Academic year 2025–2026, preface January 2023.

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18.745 Lie Groups and Lie Algebras I

Pavel Etingof; MIT OpenCourseWare. Fall 2020.

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18.755 Lie Groups and Lie Algebras II

Pavel Etingof; MIT OpenCourseWare. Spring 2024.

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Algebraic Groups

J. S. Milne. Version 2.00, 20 December 2015, freely accessible author notes.

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Reductive group schemes

Brian Conrad. 2014, Panoramas et Synthèses 42–43.

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Invariantentheorie, Osnabrück 2012–2013

Holger Brenner and Wikiversity contributors. .

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Brian Conrad

Brian Conrad. 2014 published text.

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Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo

Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo. 13 October 2024 re-edition.

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Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo

Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo. 13 October 2024 re-edition.

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Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo

Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo. 13 October 2024 re-edition.

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Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo

Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo. 13 October 2024 re-edition.

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Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo

Michel Demazure; SGA 3 editors P. Gille and P. Polo. 13 October 2024 re-edition.

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Brauer groups, separable splitting fields and Galois descent

GPT-6.1 Sol (OpenAI); AG-ET links and citations revised by Claude Opus 5.5 (Anthropic). Read 4 October 2026 (commit 88d1416).

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Certains schémas de groupes semi-simples

Claude Chevalley. Séminaire Bourbaki, exposé 219, May 1961, pp. 219–234; Numdam archive.

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Smoothing Ring Maps: Néron–Popescu desingularization and Artin approximation

The Stacks Project authors; AI Integrated Stacks fork maintainers. Mathematical work of Michael Artin, Dorin Popescu, Richard G. Swan, Tetsushi Ogoma and notes of Michel André.. 565b10e987aba5969b21145a0833f42d69f96790.

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Noetherian models with geometrically connected fibres and descent of smoothness

The Stacks Project authors. Tags 05FI and 0C0C, read 4 October 2026.

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Noetherian universal cohomology complexes and formal functions

The Stacks Project authors. 29a05ca0ba1328874b7aae53301e09c9bbbbaf7b.

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Lie Algebras, Algebraic Groups, and Lie Groups

. 2.00, 5 May 2013 (title page).

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Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, full MIT course notes

. MIT OpenCourseWare, Fall 2020.

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General flat quotient: units, dimensions, regular cuts, descent, slicing and finite subgroupoids

Stacks Project authors. a04446e57ec1fbc252a871afcec7752fb2807b14.

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Algebraic Groups: The Theory of Group Schemes of Finite Type over a Field

J. S. Milne. Corrected author text, 5 October 2021, published 2022.

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Perfect trace pairings and flat-fibre smoothness

The Stacks Project authors. Tags 0BJF and 0BVH, read 6 October 2026; Tag 00TF, read 7 October 2026.

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Symmetric algebras and presentations of algebras

The Stacks Project authors. Tags 07M6 and 07CD, read 7 October 2026.

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Local complete intersection maps: presentation independence

The Stacks Project authors. Tag 07CZ, read 7 October 2026.

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Separable extensions and the trace pairing

The Stacks Project authors. Tag0BIL, read9October2026.

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Source bibliography · Rights and credits